diff --git a/dot_config/herbstluftwm/executable_autostart.tmpl b/dot_config/herbstluftwm/executable_autostart.tmpl
index 4f30ea6..0eeee5e 100644
--- a/dot_config/herbstluftwm/executable_autostart.tmpl
+++ b/dot_config/herbstluftwm/executable_autostart.tmpl
@@ -27,15 +27,15 @@ Mod=Mod4   # Use the super key as the main modifier
 hc keybind $Mod-Shift-q quit
 hc keybind $Mod-Shift-r reload
 hc keybind $Mod-Shift-c close
-hc keybind $Mod-Return spawn kitty
-hc keybind $Mod-x spawn rofi -modi drun -show drun
-hc keybind $Mod-Shift-x spawn rofi -show fb -modi fb:{{.chezmoi.homeDir}}/.config/herbstluftwm/file-browser
-hc keybind $Mod-z spawn rofi -modi "clipboard:greenclip print" -show clipboard -run-command '{cmd}'
-hc keybind $Mod-c spawn rofi -lines 0 -show calc -modi calc -no-show-match -no-sort -no-history
-hc keybind $Mod-a spawn rofi -show pb -modi "pb:$HOME/.config/herbstluftwm/passmenu2"
-hc keybind $Mod-Shift-a spawn rofi -show pb -modi "pb:$HOME/.config/herbstluftwm/passboltmenu2"
-hc keybind $Mod-m spawn ~/.config/herbstluftwm/pmount-dmenu
-hc keybind $Mod-Escape spawn dunstctl close
+hc keybind $Mod-Return spawn systemd-run --scope --user kitty
+hc keybind $Mod-x spawn systemd-run --scope --user rofi -modi drun -show drun
+hc keybind $Mod-Shift-x spawn systemd-run --scope --user rofi -show fb -modi fb:{{.chezmoi.homeDir}}/.config/herbstluftwm/file-browser
+hc keybind $Mod-z spawn systemd-run --scope --user rofi -modi "clipboard:greenclip print" -show clipboard -run-command '{cmd}'
+hc keybind $Mod-c spawn systemd-run --scope --user rofi -lines 0 -show calc -modi calc -no-show-match -no-sort -no-history
+hc keybind $Mod-a spawn systemd-run --scope --user rofi -show pb -modi "pb:$HOME/.config/herbstluftwm/passmenu2"
+hc keybind $Mod-Shift-a spawn systemd-run --scope --user rofi -show pb -modi "pb:$HOME/.config/herbstluftwm/passboltmenu2"
+hc keybind $Mod-m spawn systemd-run --scope --user ~/.config/herbstluftwm/pmount-dmenu
+hc keybind $Mod-Escape spawn systemd-run --scope --user dunstctl close
 
 # basic movement in tiling and floating mode
 # focusing clients
@@ -126,30 +126,30 @@ hc keybind $Mod-grave cycle
 hc keybind $Mod-i jumpto urgent
 
 # music
-# hc keybind XF86AudioMute chain , spawn sh -c 'pactl set-sink-mute $(pactl get-default-sink) toggle' , emit_hook volume
-# hc keybind XF86AudioLowerVolume chain , spawn sh -c 'pactl set-sink-volume $(pactl get-default-sink) -10%' , emit_hook volume
-# hc keybind XF86AudioRaiseVolume chain , spawn sh -c 'pactl set-sink-volume $(pactl get-default-sink) +10%' , emit_hook volume
+# hc keybind XF86AudioMute chain , spawn systemd-run --scope --user sh -c 'pactl set-sink-mute $(pactl get-default-sink) toggle' , emit_hook volume
+# hc keybind XF86AudioLowerVolume chain , spawn systemd-run --scope --user sh -c 'pactl set-sink-volume $(pactl get-default-sink) -10%' , emit_hook volume
+# hc keybind XF86AudioRaiseVolume chain , spawn systemd-run --scope --user sh -c 'pactl set-sink-volume $(pactl get-default-sink) +10%' , emit_hook volume
 # shellcheck disable=SC2016
-hc keybind XF86AudioMute  spawn sh -c 'pactl set-sink-mute $(pactl get-default-sink) toggle'
+hc keybind XF86AudioMute  spawn systemd-run --scope --user sh -c 'pactl set-sink-mute $(pactl get-default-sink) toggle'
 # shellcheck disable=SC2016
-hc keybind XF86AudioLowerVolume spawn sh -c 'pactl set-sink-volume $(pactl get-default-sink) -10%'
+hc keybind XF86AudioLowerVolume spawn systemd-run --scope --user sh -c 'pactl set-sink-volume $(pactl get-default-sink) -10%'
 # shellcheck disable=SC2016
-hc keybind XF86AudioRaiseVolume spawn sh -c 'pactl set-sink-volume $(pactl get-default-sink) +10%'
-hc keybind XF86AudioRaiseVolume spawn sh -c 'pactl set-sink-volume $(pactl get-default-sink) +10%'
-hc keybind XF86AudioMicMute spawn rofi -show pulse -modi "pulse:$HOME/.config/herbstluftwm/pulsemenu"
-hc keybind XF86AudioNext spawn cmus-remote -n
-hc keybind XF86AudioPrev spawn cmus-remote -r
-hc keybind XF86AudioPlay spawn cmus-remote -u
+hc keybind XF86AudioRaiseVolume spawn systemd-run --scope --user sh -c 'pactl set-sink-volume $(pactl get-default-sink) +10%'
+hc keybind XF86AudioRaiseVolume spawn systemd-run --scope --user sh -c 'pactl set-sink-volume $(pactl get-default-sink) +10%'
+hc keybind XF86AudioMicMute spawn systemd-run --scope --user rofi -show pulse -modi "pulse:$HOME/.config/herbstluftwm/pulsemenu"
+hc keybind XF86AudioNext spawn systemd-run --scope --user cmus-remote -n
+hc keybind XF86AudioPrev spawn systemd-run --scope --user cmus-remote -r
+hc keybind XF86AudioPlay spawn systemd-run --scope --user cmus-remote -u
 
 # shellcheck disable=2016 # needed to pass whole script to keybind...
-hc keybind XF86TouchpadToggle spawn dash -c 'xinput --set-prop "SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad" "Device Enabled"  $(xinput --list-props "SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad" |  awk -F ":\t+" "/Device Enabled/ { print (1+\$2)%2}")'
+hc keybind XF86TouchpadToggle spawn systemd-run --scope --user dash -c 'xinput --set-prop "SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad" "Device Enabled"  $(xinput --list-props "SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad" |  awk -F ":\t+" "/Device Enabled/ { print (1+\$2)%2}")'
 
-hc keybind XF86Display spawn ~/.config/herbstluftwm/monitors
-hc keybind XF86ScreenSaver and a spawn slock a spawn xset dpms force off
+hc keybind XF86Display spawn systemd-run --scope --user ~/.config/herbstluftwm/monitors
+hc keybind XF86ScreenSaver and a spawn systemd-run --scope --user slock a spawn xset dpms force off
 # shellcheck disable=2016 # $f is scrot interpolation string, not shells
-hc keybind Print spawn scrot --focused --exec 'imv $f' {{.chezmoi.homeDir}}/Pictures/scrot/%F-scrot.png
+hc keybind Print spawn systemd-run --scope --user scrot --focused --exec 'imv $f' {{.chezmoi.homeDir}}/Pictures/scrot/%F-scrot.png
 # shellcheck disable=SC2016
-hc keybind Shift-Print spawn scrot --select --exec 'imv $f' {{.chezmoi.homeDir}}/Pictures/scrot/%F-scrot.png
+hc keybind Shift-Print spawn systemd-run --scope --user scrot --select --exec 'imv $f' {{.chezmoi.homeDir}}/Pictures/scrot/%F-scrot.png
 
 # theme
 hc attr theme.tiling.reset 1